The experiments were carried out on the muscle SPINDLE (MS) that located onto the soleus muscle (SM) in the anaesthetized rats. After applying a mechanical slow stretch (SS) on the SM, the MS wasn't influenced by this stimulant and it was in a slack status. On the other hand, the MS has showed a dysfunction. The slack status of MS, it means, without electro-mechanical activity for MS that was observed in isolating MS. And this slack status of MS also was occurred by insufficient of γ-motor stimulation. With using the passive stimulating vibration on the MS-SM, again, the slack status of MS was observed. Of course, in this experiment, before that the MS was made up with passive vibration, firstly, the activation of MS was clearly observed by gs-activity. On contrary of the positive effect of  gs into MS, there wasn't a positive effect with gd-activity into MS. But, it's stated that, there was the resting discharge (RD) in the MS during slack status and the RD scale has been significantly acceptable. The MS-RD was created with both of the SS and especially by γs stimulation, though not with gd stimulation.However, it was concluded that, the changing of MS-activity could be caused with the changing length of SK.M. In this process, the MS respond was pertinent to gs-activity. Meanwhile, the activation of γs was followed by activity of MS- chain- afferent. It's seemed that, in this loop of nervo-muscular wasn't any place for activating of MS-bag fiber.

This ROUNDtable was held as part of a series of academic sessions which have been organized by the social welfare research group in the university of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation. These ROUNDtables aim to address different social problems in Iran. Academics from different disciplines as sociology, psychiatry, social sciences, economics, planning and programming and also practitioners from government organizations and non-governmental organizations were among the participants. At the beginning, different definitions of this vulnerable group of children were discussed as "street children", "children on streets", "children of streets", and "children at risk". Then, each of the participants mentioned her/his experience of dealing with this social problem. At the end, after discussing the different aspects of this social problem and its short-term and long-term consequences to society, some recommendations were made which showed the consensus of participants on the importance of a better understanding of this phenomenon and also the necessity of taking an appropriate action to help this group of children and to prevent the additional problems which are associated with being a street children. What is clear is that they exist, and unless we choose to ignore their plight, we can do something for these children. The necessity of conducting relevant research projects on this matter was emphasized by all of participants.

The present study examined the effects of the first ROUND (real impact on banks' balance sheets) and second-ROUND effects (reactions of financial statement and transmission to the real sector) for monthly data from 2007 to 2014. To this end, using a dynamic panel data model with cross-dependency properties of common correlated effects (CCE) has been used. The results of Dynamic panel model to examine the effects of the first ROUND for each bank confirms that performing loans in the past two periods have had a significant impact on the amount of next phase. The change in GDP with one and two lags has different effects on the country's banks, and for Eghtesade Novin, Persian, Keshavarzi, Karafarin, Saderat, Pasargad and Sepah is significant. Results of Granger causality test for Aggregate balance sheet data show that (second ROUND effects) we know performing loan as Granger causality of GDP change. The results of estimated model shows that in those period desired changes in the performing loan has negative impact on real economy.

In industrial production systems, one of the most important factors in the economic field machining operations is to reduce the tool wear. Abrasive nature of the phenomenon is dependent on many factors, including temperature, machining conditions (cutting speed, forward speed cutting depth) and shortage of coolant. All of these parameters lead to tool wear. If we do not study the tool wear precisely, it will impose extra cost in manufacturing processes. These extra costs are due to the reproduction of goods which is due to the replacement of tools and the sharpening operation of tools. In this study, an in vitro study done on tool wear SNMM120404 and the effect of parameters such as rotation speed of the SPINDLE chuck, feed rate and depth of tool wear is investigated.

SPINDLE cell hemangioma (SCH), formerly called “SPINDLE cell hemangioendothelioma”, is a rare benign histological variant of hemangioma characterized by the presence of two contrast zones, the first zone exhibits large dilated cavernous space with slit-like vascular spaces may show clear endothelial vacuoles resembling fat cells. SCH is often considered as pseudosarcomatous entity; it imposes a diagnostic challenge for oral pathologists due to its resemblance with Kaposi sarcoma. A total of 13 cases of SCH have been reported in the head and neck region to date and only 6 cases have been reported inside the oral cavity. We present a rare case of SCH located on the hard palate, which imitated Kaposi's sarcoma on histopathological examination. The expressions of various markers including EGR, CD 31, and HHV 8 yielded the final diagnosis of SCH. The markers EGR and HHV 8 have never been used in intraoral SCH before to the best of our knowledge; hence, the present report highlights the use of immunohistochemistry for the diagnosis of SCH.

Introduction: Submandibular region is surgically significant in the head and neck field and a mass in this region may have multiple differential diagnoses. Case Report: An elderly man came with a single 4×2. 5 cm swelling in the neck on the right side, just below the lower jaw, since one month. Ultrasound showed an irregular heterogeneous hypoechoic lesion in the right submandibular space measuring 37×23 mm with mild internal vascularity. The submandibular gland appeared separate but compressed. Fine needle aspiration was suggestive of SPINDLE cell neoplasm. The swelling was excised under general anesthesia. By histopathological examination, the lesion was diagnosed as anaplastic lymphoma kinase-negative inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) based on focal immunoreactivity with cyclin D1. The patient then received radiotherapy 60 Gray divided into 30 fractions over 6 weeks. The case had no evidence of recurrence or residual disease six months post-surgery. Conclusion: Tumefactive SPINDLE-cell lesion in the head and neck can comprise inflammatory conditions, benign and malignant neoplasms or borderline neoplasms, such as nodular fasciitis and IMT. The definitive histologic diagnosis of IMT helps in tailoring the treatment modality based on its locally aggressive biologic potential.

SPINDLE cell neoplasms are defined as neoplasms that consist of SPINDLE-shaped cells in the histopathology. SPINDLE cell neoplasms can affect the oral cavity. In the oral cavity, the origin of the SPINDLE cell neoplasms may be traced to epithelial, mesenchymal and odontogenic components. This article aims to review the SPINDLE cell neoplasms of the oral cavity with emphasis on histopathology.